Amarsi How to Conjugate the Italian Verb, to Love Each Other

The Symbolic Interactionalism Theory Of Hate Crime

Hate crimes are difficult to fathom, primarily because they involve the unprovoked physical attacking and, sometimes, murder of people based on race and ethnicity. A more formal definition of hate crimes is presented by Shepard (2017, p. 285). As he writes, â€Å"a hate crime is a criminal act that is motivated by extreme prejudice,† This is a very good, concise and accurate definition, nevertheless, hate crimes are not the outcome of unimaginable heights of discrimination. Most people have prejudices and many have stereotypes regarding others, whether it be racial or class stereotypes. Nobody is completely lacking in any form, shape or type of prejudice but, the much greater percentage does not physically attack, beat or murder those whom they†¦show more content†¦Between 2006 to 2017, as reported by O’Reilly, hate crimes targeting Muslims has increased by an outstanding 91%. The average increase in all forms of hate crimes rose by 41% between 2016-2017 (Fariv ar, 2017). Hence, inarguable statistics and numbers establish a very high rate of increase in hate crimes, most especially during 2016-2017, coinciding with the campaign and subsequent election of Donald Trump. There are many theories of crime, with criminologists, psychologist and sociologists, debating whether criminality is an an outcome of nature, as in genetically inherited, or produced by nurture (Brinkerhoff, White and Ortega, 2011). Even though the debate is ongoing, most criminologists, sociologists and psychologists agree that cases in which criminality is linked to nature, are extremely rare. Instead, they emphasise, criminality as a product of nurture (Brinkerhoff, White and Ortega, 2011). This means that people who commit heinous hate crimes were presumably raised in an environment which expressed extreme prejudice towards a certain racial, ethnic or religious group and truly believed that the world would be a better place without them in it, or, at least, without them living in the United States (Brinkerhoff, White and Ortega, 2011). As indicated, hate crimes can be explained through the use of theory and, one such theory is the symbolic interactionism theory. As criminologists were engaged in attempting to

Health for All Children Free Essays

Is health for all children an achievable goal? The world’s children have rights to health which are enshrined in international law. The United Nations Convention on the Rights of the Child Articles 6 and 24 pertain to the rights of children to life, survival and development, enjoyment of the highest attainable standards of health and facilities for the treatment of illness and the rehabilitation of health (Block 4, p. 94). We will write a custom essay sample on Health for All Children or any similar topic only for you Order Now However, every year throughout the world vast numbers of children suffer ill health and die. Nearly 11 million children still die each year before their fifth birthday, often from readily preventable causes. An estimated 150 million children are malnourished (UNICEF 2001) (Block 4, p. 94. ) What follows is an exploration of the causes and treatments of ill health looking at the major challenges of poverty, inequality, culture and gender, and the social and political dimensions of such matters.The effectiveness or otherwise of international health intervention programmes is analysed and a measure of the progress made so far and the possibility of health for the world’s children becoming a realistic goal is discussed. Health is a culturally constructed concept, a collection of ideas and beliefs gathered from our experiences of living within a family, community and wider society. It is recognised by health professionals, theorists and researchers that being healthy means different things to different people.When considering matters of health it needs to be understood that health and disease are complex terms that are more than just a matter of genetics. Health is influenced by personal, cultural, social, economic and political circumstances. The definition of the term health as used by the World Health Organisation (WHO) since 1948 is as follows: ‘a state of complete physical, mental, and social well-being and not merely the absence of disease or infirmity’. (WHO, 2009). The WHO definition promotes an holistic view of health that has been criticised for being idealistic and difficult to put into practice. What is important about this definition is that it is a positive interpretation that implies that health for all is something that can be achieved. Certainly this definition has aided thinking around health as more than simply the absence of infirmity and emphasises a social dimension. Globalisation, economics, adverse living conditions, the lack of availability of primary health care, differing social practices and cultural notions of health are all factors that impact on the health of people.These factors present both challenges and opportunities for the world regarding the possibility of achieving health for all children. Medical advancements in the latter half of the twentieth century has seen most notably the development of antibiotics, vitamins, vaccinations for serious infectious diseases such as Measles, Mumps, Rubella and Chicken Pox, to name but a few, along with a vaccination that eradicated Small Pox.One advantage of globalisation is the increasing awareness of the plight of children in developing countries which has marshalled medical intervention and has resulted in a drastic decrease in child and young people’s mortality rates. However, despite advancements in medical technology, the availability of health treatments has not guaranteed the eradication of some preventable and curable illnesses (for example, Diarrhoea). Diarrhoea can be treated very effectively with a low cost intervention. Oral Rehydration Salts (ORS) prevent dehydration which is the cause of deaths amongst children with diarrhoea. However, in studies of the Huli people in Papua New Guinea it was noted that although at first the mortality rate from diarrhoea fell as a result of the ORS intervention programme, the improvements were not sustained and the Huli people became dissatisfied with the treatment.The Huli people desired a treatment that would address the symptoms of diarrhoea: dry up the runny stools of the sick children. Administering ORS fluids didn’t make sense and clashed with their understanding of the illness. Furthermore, the need to dissolve the ORS medication in water necessitates a clean water supply, something so basic but something that isn’t always available in communities in the South. The ‘Miracle cure’ or ‘Magic bullet’ for diarrhoea, ORS, is an example of how selective, vertical interventions may save lives. But it is also a prime example of how a purely medical approach to health does little to improve the quality of lives when other causes of illness such as poor sanitation and lack of clean water are not addressed. (Block 4, p. 125). A Western biomedical approach to the treatment of ill health has its limitations. Technological cures in the form of drugs, although vitally important, will on their own do little but not enough to make health an attainable goal for the world’s children.The concept of human rights and rights for children has gained increased recognition across the world. The status of children has been raised and children’s interests placed on political agenda’s throughout many states. ‘As of November 2009, 194 countries ratified, accepted, or acceded to the UNCRC (some with stated reservations or interpretations) including every member of the United Nations except Somalia and the United States. Somalia has announced that it would shortly do so’ (Wikipedia, 2010).Yet there remains concern about the real levels of commitment to concepts of children’s rights and concern about the lack of accountability to make nations uphold right’s for children. Through media coverage of world catastrophes, such as famines and droughts and through campaigns delivered by humanitarian and charitable organisations an ethical and moral debate is taking place about the need to address global health that has pricked the moral conscience. What is now required is effective systems that can help realise children’s rights and mobilise efforts to make health for all an achievable goal.The economic power of some nations and global corporations, and structural a djustment programmes (SAP’s) have created imbalances of power and forces that have worked against health goals with the effect of widening economic disparities between rich and poor across and within nations. SAP’s have been imposed to ensure debt repayment and economic restructuring. But some poor countries have had to reduce spending on things like health, education and development, while debt repayment and other economic policies have been made the priority.For many basic health care has become a service that can only be accessed if an individual has money to purchase it. Free health care has become less about a human right and more of a commodity to be bought. A further challenge to health for children in relation to economics is that within countries where there is political instability and conflict nations priorities become one of national security, funding arms and defense programmes and as a result there is decreased funding for basic care and education. At present an attitude prevails that nations should ‘look after heir own’. There does exists a humanitarian approach to supporting poorer countries at times of emergency but there are no effective systems that legally oblige nations to work together to ensure that basic living conditions, heal th care and the right’s of children are upheld. A change of attitude within and across nations and governments regarding whose responsibility it is to intervene and the importance of intervening to produce more egalitarian societies would go a long way to making health for all children an achievable goal. Global medical advancements, the development in the concept of rights for children internationally and world economic systems have been investigated to demonstrate how they have resulted in both opportunities and challenges to improving health for all children. Yet it is also necessary to look closer at the more personal experiences encountered by children and families and focus on the social and cultural factors that impact on health.Securing health for all children requires more than having medical expertise and drugs on hand to prevent and/or treat medical ailments. Several examples of differing cultural understandings around illness can be offered that illustrates this idea. The Bozo tribe of Mali believe that red urine in adolescent boys, a condition caused by a parasitic infection, is normal and indicates sexual maturity; as such it is celebrated as a sign of males reaching manhood. Within the Bozo tribal people the symptoms are not viewed as a sign of illness and the condition goes untreated.In Nigeria 76% of women perceive diarrhoea as a symptom of teething and as such a normal part of growth and development and not something which requires treatment (Block 4, p. 103). In both these examples the cultural and social dimensions of ill health contrast with Western biomedical approaches to children’s health. When culturally interpreted ideas of health conflict with medical systems where there is a focus purely on the biological causation of illness, the acceptance of a diagnosis and treatment of a condition can be problematic.Some challenges in achieving health for all children is managing and resolving the clash of differing world views regarding health, that is, people’s perceptions of health together with their level of understanding and acceptance of scientific notions of health, and how to increase community participation in health programmes. UNICEF states that ‘chronic poverty remains the greatest obstacle to fulfilling the rights of children’. In the UNICEF book, ‘We are the Children’, it is cited that half of humanity is desperately impoverished and half of the 1. billion people forced to live on l ess than $1 per day are children. (Block 4, p. 108). UNICEF and the World Bank have defined absolute poverty (less than $1 per day per person) as being the minimum amount that purchases the goods and services deemed necessary for basic survival. (Block 4, p. 49). This definition is most appropriate for those living in the poorest countries of the South, however, poverty affects many children living within the richest countries of the world also.Relative rather than absolute poverty, that is, the inequality and deprivation experienced relative to those better off living in the same society, can impact on health causing emotional stress, humiliation and social exclusion. Andrea Ashworth writing about her experiences of growing up in Manchester in the 1970’s described the multiple effects of poverty that she experienced; living in a flea infested home, eating a less than nutritious diet, the shame of not being able to afford certain basic items of food, the stress that poverty had on her mother and how it manifested symptoms of depression that impacted on the whole family. Reading B, Ashworth). Studies by the Child Poverty Action Group in the United Kingdom concludes that children growing up in poverty are more likely to be born prematurely, suffer chronic illnesses in later life, die from accidents, live in poor quality homes, have fewer employment opportunities, get in trouble with the police and be at greater risk of alcohol or drug misuse. Poverty impacts on both the physical and mental health of children and their overall quality of life. (Block 4, p. 57).In order to make improvements in the health of the world’s children it is nece ssary therefore not simply to make health care freely available to all but to confront and tackle wider issues of social justice, inequality and poverty. Cuba is an example of a country with limited material resources that has created a more egalitarian society by providing food, employment, education and health care for all. They now have infant mortality rates on a par with some of the world’s wealthiest countries.Similarly, in Bangladesh as a result of a national commitment to invest in basic social services, the under fives mortality rate has decreased substantially. (Block 4, p. 109). This is strong evidence of the ability to make health for all an achievable goal if there is government commitment to tackling social justice and inequality. A further dimension of inequality is the discrimination in matters of health based on gender, birth order and social status at a local level. In cases of malnutrition in Mali, Dettwyler identified that access or entitlement to resources is shaped ‘by the social relations prevailing between and within families within communities’ (Block 4, p. 119). Dettwyler provides an example of discrimination against children that begins with discrimination against the mother. Aminata, since she was fostered by the family, was considered to be of low status. When she became pregnant with twins her status was further lowered along with her entitlement to food and freedoms.She had to accept a life of drudgery and hard work providing for others in the family which took precedence over caring for her own children who were suffering from malnutrition despite food being in plentiful supply. Aminata’s quality of life only improved when one of her children died, the other was sent away and Aminata married into a new family. Her social standing increased along with her quality of life. Aminata gave birth to three more children, two of whom survived and were reported to be only mildly malnourished. Reading C). Beliefs about female inferiority within many parts of the world impacts on rates of malnutrition and mortality amongst girls compared to boys. Studies have shown in India and China that girls are less likely to be breast fed for as long boys, are less likely to be given extra food and more likely to be abandoned. These social attitudes and practices towards girls can be changed through development policy on the education of females.Through education the chances of health and survival of children can be improved (Block 4, p. 116) It has been argued that to achieve health for all children multiple factors need to be addressed. Free basic primary health care needs to be available to all, yet this on its own will do a little but not enough to sustain health and survival. Sustainability requires adequate housing, sanitation, clean water and an environment free from pollutants. Education, skills training and employment enable people to contribute to society.They are determinants of health in that they raise self-esteem, feelings of worth and have the ability to empower, organise and rally people together to make changes to advance wealth and health. The health of the world’s children cannot be left in the hands of humanitarian and charitable organisations. Unscrupulous governments and some economic policies are malign forces that impede progress. The ethical and moral questions regarding international intervention and the level of responsibility that different nations should or can have towards the peoples of other nations are difficult to answer.However, the goal of health for all, as complicated or impossible it may at first seem, has seen progress which should not be underestimated. Within sixty years the WHO has been set up, the UNCRC has been established, international policies have been devised that have bound nations to working together, unprecedented medical knowledge has been gained, lessons regarding what has worked and hasn’t worked have been learnt, cultural understandings have been developed and ethical and moral debates keep the issue of poverty and health in the minds of all.The world is entering a crucial phase where the scope to tackle world poverty and health of children is beginning to be realised. The know-how, expertise and resources exist to achieve health for all children. Perhaps the greatest ch allenge to success is establishing worldwide commitment to the endeavour.Word count 2,505 References Open University (2007) U212, Changing Childhoods, Local and Global, Block 4, Achieving Health for Children, Milton Keynes, The Open University Open University (2007), Changing Childhoods, Local and Global, Block 4, Achieving Health for all Children, Reading C, ‘Cases of Malnutrition in Mali’, Milton Keynes, The Open University. Open University (2007), Changing Childhoods, Local and Global, Block 4, Children, Poverty and Social Inequality, Reading B, ‘Once in a House on Fire’, Milton Keynes, The Open University. Wikipedia 2010 http://en. wikipedia. org/wiki/UNCRC [accessed 5 September 2010] World Health Organisation 2003 http://en. wikipedia. org/wiki/UNCRC [accessed 5 September 2010] How to cite Health for All Children, Papers

School Uniforms Essay Sample free essay sample

School uniforms. the subject that leaves California debating for decennaries has made its manner into the Supreme Court. but has non been resolved wholly. States are still open whether uniforms should be enforced. but statistics show that upon execution of school uniforms. the overall offense rate has decreased by 91 % and pupil suspension had besides dropped by 90 % . School uniforms should be enforced because uniforms help forestall judgement among pupils. they are cheaper than insouciant vesture. and they encourage a sense of subject. To get down off. judgement among pupils is a worldwide job. Approximately 160. 000 teens skip school every twenty-four hours because of strong-arming. Many of these teens are ostracized due to the fact that they can non afford the name trade name vesture. which can take to depression or an inability to concentrate on school assignment. Although uniforms can non halt intimidation. it will at least prevent pupils who aren’t dressed harmonizing to the latest tendencies from acquiring picked on for their pick of apparels. We will write a custom essay sample on School Uniforms Essay Sample or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Second. households of lower categories will be able to afford vesture for pupils at a much cheaper cost in the long tally. School uniforms can salvage parents a batch of money. as they would merely necessitate to purchase their kids apparels for the weekend and particular occasions. Although some parents believe that uniforms cost more than purchasing apparels for school and the weekends. uniforms are designed to be more lasting compared to insouciant vesture. and will last thirster while still looking nice. Last. parents will besides salvage money when kids outgrow their uniforms. for they would merely necessitate to purchase at most 5 brace of uniforms alternatively of replacing their children’s whole cupboard. passing an norm of more than $ 1. 700 a twelvemonth. Lastly. uniforms help make a sense of subject in school assignment. School unvarying makes pupils look at their instruction earnestly. A pupil seting on their uniform and traveling to school is like an grownup seting on a suit and traveling to work. hence. creates a more serious involvement in school assignment. Harmonizing to principal. Ramon Leyba of Sweetwater High School. â€Å"The chief consequence is an overall betterment in the school clime and a greater focal point on positive behaviour. A large portion of that is from uniforms. † On the other manus. many will state that school uniforms make pupils more rebellious and are merely another limitation on students’ freedom. but a student’s indivi dualism is non based on how they dress. but is their province of head. Alternatively. statistics says that suspension had lessened by approximately 90 % and parents have besides claimed that pupils were more motivated while making prep. In decision. pupils will be more focussed in school with uniforms. Study besides shows that implementing uniforms will diminish future offense rate and pupil suspension. School uniforms should be required because uniforms help forestall judgement among pupils. they are inexpensive. and they encourage a sense of subject. I urge you. to do school uniforms a requirement to a student’s school twenty-four hours. for uniforms will offer great betterments to pupils and their instruction.

The Morality of Abortion Essay Example For Students

The Morality of Abortion Essay Moral Theory and PracticeDecember 12, 2003One of the most controversial court decisions in the history of the United States is Roe v. Wade. Its a decision that goes much deeper then just a moral dilemma on whether or not a fetus is a person or not. Its a decision that should make any discerning individual question the ethics of the legislation of morality. But Ill leave that for another time, this papers purpose is make clear my beliefs on abortion. To do this I will lay a groundwork of the history of abortion in our country and how it affects us on a local (state) level, and expand on that with the help of secular philosophers and by drawing from my Christian background. We will write a custom essay on The Morality of Abortion specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now To fully understand abortion one must look at its place in society throughout human history. Laws against abortion are only as old as the mid 19th century. Documentation dating back to the ancient Greeks and Romans lead us to believe that they were practiced frequently with the blessing of most of the people of the day. The only resistance against abortion in ancient Greece was the Pythagorean School of philosophers and their Hippocratic Oath, and later during the height of the Roman Empire the emergence of Christianity. As civilization moved into the present era common law began to reflect that the views on abortion were that it was okay up until the point of quickening. Quickening is the point of animation for the fetus, its first recognizable movement or the point where it was believed to have been infused with a soul. The penalty for killing a quickened fetus under common law is unsure reports have it ranging from homicide to a simple misdemeanor depending on the time and region. In 1803 England enacted its first abortion legislation which made the abortion of a quickened fetus a capitol offense and pre-quickening abortion a far less grievous offense. American abortion statutes followed suit in 1821 when Connecticut adopted the same legislature. In 1828 New York also adopted a form of the English legislature with post-quickening abortion being treated as second-degree manslaughter and pre-quickening abortion as only a misdemeanor. Around the time of the Civil War more and more states began enacting abortion legislature starting with laws close to those seen in Connecticut and New York but over time they became more and more strict as to when an abortion could take place up until the point where the only allowed it when it was necessary to save the life of the mother. This brings us up the undeniably the most important case in the abortion debate and possibly in the American governing system. The case Roe v. Wade which not only legalized abortion but set for th a precedent for taking the lawmaking power out of the hands of the people and gave it to nine individuals who need not take into consideration the wishes of the people since they have no power to remove them from office. In 1973 a pregnant single woman (Roe) brought a class action challenging the constitutionality of the Texas criminal abortion laws. These laws mandated that abortions may only be attempted for the purpose of saving the life of the mother. She claimed that they were unconstitutional in that they abridged her right of personal privacy, protected by the First, Fourth, Fifth, Ninth, and Fourteenth Amendments. Later she claimed to be suing on behalf of herself and all other women who were in similar situations. In this case the Supreme Court determined that the state of Texass anti-abortion laws were an unconstitutional infringement on the privacy of a woman during the first trimester of abortion, when the fetus is determined to not be viable. The court allowed the states to continue to legislate on the legality of abortion after the first trimester of pregnancy. In 1976 in the case Planned Parenthood of Central Missouri v. Danforth the Supreme Court overturned a Missouri law that require d spousal consent for an abortion because it could not give a spouse a veto power that the state was prohibited from exercising. In the state of Iowa all abortions are legal except partial birth abortions. Partial birth abortions are classified as abortions in which the fetus is partially delivered before it is killed. .u2735667ea3b2545d7f9e543a48f531c2 , .u2735667ea3b2545d7f9e543a48f531c2 .postImageUrl , .u2735667ea3b2545d7f9e543a48f531c2 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u2735667ea3b2545d7f9e543a48f531c2 , .u2735667ea3b2545d7f9e543a48f531c2:hover , .u2735667ea3b2545d7f9e543a48f531c2:visited , .u2735667ea3b2545d7f9e543a48f531c2:active { border:0!important; } .u2735667ea3b2545d7f9e543a48f531c2 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u2735667ea3b2545d7f9e543a48f531c2 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u2735667ea3b2545d7f9e543a48f531c2:active , .u2735667ea3b2545d7f9e543a48f531c2:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u2735667ea3b2545d7f9e543a48f531c2 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u2735667ea3b2545d7f9e543a48f531c2 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u2735667ea3b2545d7f9e543a48f531c2 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u2735667ea3b2545d7f9e543a48f531c2 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u2735667ea3b2545d7f9e543a48f531c2:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u2735667ea3b2545d7f9e543a48f531c2 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u2735667ea3b2545d7f9e543a48f531c2 .u2735667ea3b2545d7f9e543a48f531c2-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u2735667ea3b2545d7f9e543a48f531c2:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Positive Accounting Theory Sample EssayNow we get to the fun part, my beliefs on the morality of abortion. First I will attempt to look at it from a secular nonpartisan standpoint. I believe that it is not moral, but without my religious background I would have a hard time putting my finger on exactly why. I will attempt that now. The first argument I will look at is fairly conservative, it is simply put that fetuses are human beings and it is wrong to kill human beings. Now on the surface this argument looks unbeatable, if you believe that fetuses are in fact humans. In what ways are they human? Their DNA is that of a human but dead peoples DNA is human too. Do they have souls (obviously if you are trying to determine the morality of abortion you must believe that humans have souls or wouldnt it just be the same as slapping aside a pesky fly), and if they do have souls do they have them from conception or are they conferred upon the unborn sometime during pregnancy or even at first breath? Or do we rate human life on their potential? Is it immoral to abort a baby simply because they may become the next President of the United States, or cure cancer, or bring about world peace, or take part in some other lofty accomplishment? But then again is it any more wrong to destroy a stone that will become a sculpture then one that will just sit around being a stone. So many more questions are raised then are answered by this argument. What about the consent argument. Seems simple enough, through the act of intercourse a women waves the right of the use of her uterus. Again seems simple enough, its like waving a no-trade clause in your contract. But look at it from the other direction; does getting in a car and driving down the road wave your rights in favor of those of a drunk driver? That throws an unexpected kink into that argument. Does knowing the risks of pregnancy guard make you responsible for what those risks entail? How about an argument against abortion, the one that states that because a fetus is a part of a womens body she has the sole right over what is done to it. To me it seems like the male portion of the relationship should have some say in whether the pregnancy be terminated, he did have equal part in bringing it around. In every argument listed there are pros and cons both ways, all of which seem plausible. But when you think about it almost every conclusion drawn is based on another unrelated allusion: fetuses to dead bodies; the potential of human life to that of a rock; or the risks of pregnancy to those of driving. For instance if you were to tell me that homosexuality was morally okay I could counter by telling y ou that putting two male ends of hose together wont make the hose work and BAM Ive got a counter argument that would make a philosopher proud. The problem is that everything in life is an exception to something else, so when connections are drawn between two things of unequal importance it is easy to distort reality. Since Ive found it impossible to come up with a conclusion of the morality of abortion based on a secular viewpoint Ill draw from my religious background. The difference between approaching this issue from religious and secular viewpoints is that with a Christian background I can view a situation with a surety of right and wrong based on my belief that there is God and hes laid out whats right and wrong, but with a secular viewpoint everything is a little shakier, because without something higher who is to say what really is right? In Psalms 139:15-16 the Bible says My frame was not hidden from you, when I was made in secret, and skillfully wrought in the depths of the earth; your eyes have seen my unformed substance; and in your book were all written the days that were ordained for me, when as yet there was not one of them. Looking at these verses I see two things, design and purpose. Every baby is skillfully wrought by God, not something Id want to mess with, and also they each hav e a purpose set out before them by an infinite being which is also something Id rather not mess up. There is also the matter of the 7th commandment, the one about not killing. Looking from a biblical standpoint it does seem like all the fetus as a person bases are covered. .u5803e4e5b1b4b7d6eed5d1d05d3a7c40 , .u5803e4e5b1b4b7d6eed5d1d05d3a7c40 .postImageUrl , .u5803e4e5b1b4b7d6eed5d1d05d3a7c40 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u5803e4e5b1b4b7d6eed5d1d05d3a7c40 , .u5803e4e5b1b4b7d6eed5d1d05d3a7c40:hover , .u5803e4e5b1b4b7d6eed5d1d05d3a7c40:visited , .u5803e4e5b1b4b7d6eed5d1d05d3a7c40:active { border:0!important; } .u5803e4e5b1b4b7d6eed5d1d05d3a7c40 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u5803e4e5b1b4b7d6eed5d1d05d3a7c40 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u5803e4e5b1b4b7d6eed5d1d05d3a7c40:active , .u5803e4e5b1b4b7d6eed5d1d05d3a7c40:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u5803e4e5b1b4b7d6eed5d1d05d3a7c40 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u5803e4e5b1b4b7d6eed5d1d05d3a7c40 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u5803e4e5b1b4b7d6eed5d1d05d3a7c40 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u5803e4e5b1b4b7d6eed5d1d05d3a7c40 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u5803e4e5b1b4b7d6eed5d1d05d3a7c40:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u5803e4e5b1b4b7d6eed5d1d05d3a7c40 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u5803e4e5b1b4b7d6eed5d1d05d3a7c40 .u5803e4e5b1b4b7d6eed5d1d05d3a7c40-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u5803e4e5b1b4b7d6eed5d1d05d3a7c40:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: All We Need is Love EssayIf I were coming from a secular background I would probably agree with abortion, and a womens right to choice. But only because I could not be sure I was right, and I wouldnt want to force wrong beliefs on others. Instead I have a Christian background and so because of my faith I am able to determine definitively what is right and what is wrong, and in this case I have determined that abortion is immoral. http://www.irlc.org/history/supreme.htmhttp://www.irlc.org/history/iowa.htmhttp://www.bible.com/Wilcox, D. and Wilcox, M Applied Ethics in American Society. Harcourt Brace Company, 1997

How Artificial Intelligence is Changing Writing

How Artificial Intelligence is Changing Writing How Artificial Intelligence is Changing Writing How Artificial Intelligence is Changing Writing By Ali Hale Will robots eventually have writers out of a job? Are we going to see computers writing the next Great American Novel? Probably not at least, not any time soon. Over the last decade or so, though, AI (Artificial Intelligence) has become increasingly sophisticated †¦ and it’s influencing the world of writing in a number of interesting ways. What is AI, Anyway? AI is all about machines learning and adapting. Instead of simply being programmed in minute detail with everything they need to know to accomplish a particular task, they’re programmed with instructions that allow them to learn from their experience (just as people do). There’s no one standard definition of AI, but ZDnet suggests some common features: AI systems will typically demonstrate at least some of the following behaviors associated with human intelligence: planning, learning, reasoning, problem solving, knowledge representation, perception, motion, and manipulation and, to a lesser extent, social intelligence and creativity. Here are six key ways in which AI is changing the face of writing †¦ and reading. #1: Translation from One Language to Another In the past, if you wanted to translate a passage of text from one language to another – say from English to Spanish – you needed to find someone who spoke both languages. Ten years ago, you could use a service like Google Translate, which essentially ran all the words through an English-Spanish (etc.) dictionary with questionable and sometimes hilarious results. In 2016 Google Translate had a major upgrade. Instead of translating word by word, it now translates more accurately by phrase or sentence – through an AI system. It even invented its own language to help. Writers could potentially use Google Translate to translate their whole book into another language for free. (Note: I’m not recommending you do this, unless you have a native translator lined up to do some extensive editing!) As the technology develops further over the years to come, this could be great news for publishers and self-publishing authors †¦ but worrying for professional translators. #2: Automatic Editing and Proofreading You’re probably very familiar with the red squiggly line in Microsoft Word (and other word processing programs) that marks spelling mistakes. There are lots of tools out there, though, that can go far beyond helping you spot typos. Software like Grammarly, for instance, uses AI to spot overly wordy phrases, vague language, instances of the passive voice, stylistic issues, and much more. This is great news for writers, particularly non-native speakers, who may need an extra helping hand with what they’re working on – whether it’s an essay, a blog post, or simply an important email. It’s potentially less great news for professional editors – but so far, no tool is able to provide the big-picture substantive editing that a good editor can offer. #3: Checking for Plagiarism One problem that universities and publishers deal with is the possibility of plagiarism. While a quick Google search for a couple of lines from a document can be enough to spot egregious forms of plagiarism, if a student or writer has changed, say, one in every five words, it’s a lot tougher to spot. When it comes to students’ essays, they might be plagiarising from another student’s (unpublished) work, rather than a published source. This could be easy to spot within one institution – but not if the student has borrowed, or even bought, an essay from a friend at another university. There are solutions out there, like Turnitin, that check submitted work against their vast database, flagging up cases where there’s a match between the submitted work and existing sources. But AI is also increasingly being used in this area, with an AI bot called Emma Identity (reported on here by LifeHacker) being used to figure out the authorship of a piece of text. While this is essentially just a fun tool for now, it could eventually be used to combat plagiarism. More worryingly, though, this type of technology could potentially be used to unmask authors writing under a pen name, if they’ve also written under their own name – or to uncover the authorship of anonymous posts on internet forums. #4: Searching Through Audio Files Although more and more content has been produced in video and audio format over the past decade, YouTube channels and podcasts haven’t diminished the amount of text online. One huge advantage to text has always been that it’s searchable – and video and audio aren’t. If you want to find out a specific fact or dig into on a particular point of interest, text is definitely the easiest medium to work with. However, audio search is becoming a reality – through the power of AI. Computers can increasingly decode sound – think of Siri, for instance, or Alexa – and audio search takes this further. Apps are already available: Castbox.fm, for instance, bills itself as â€Å"the search engine for spoken audio†. What does this mean for writers? It’s not necessarily bad news. Newer types of text, like scripts for videos or outlines for podcasts, might become increasingly important. But as well as helping with audio search, AI could lead to even better dictation apps – potentially making it much faster to create written content, too. #5: Crafting Breaking News Stories You might be wondering by this point if AI can be used to actually write. Yes †¦ but it’s not going to be producing works of literary wonder just yet. Over the past couple of years, some breaking news stories have been written by AI, and there’s a great account of that in Wired here, explaining that a particular story was created by AI: The dispatch came with the clarity and verve for which Post reporters are known, with one key difference: It was generated by Heliograf, a bot that made its debut on the Post’s website last year and marked the most sophisticated use of artificial intelligence in journalism to date. The advantages for newspapers and websites are obvious: if AI can report on breaking stories, it makes it possible to get an article published almost instantly. No human needs to type a single word. There’s a darker side to this use of AI, though: it could not only put journalists out of work, but it could also lead to a lot of low quality, derivative content – similar to content produced by low-paid â€Å"content spinners†. #6: Influencing Readers’ Book Buying Major online book retailers, like Amazon, rely on complicated algorithms to predict what books someone might be interested in, based on what they’ve already bought. If you’ve ever bought a book on Amazon, I’m sure you’ll have seen this in action! This is generally seen as a positive use of AI: it helps readers to discover books that they’ll hopefully enjoy, and it helps authors to be discovered by readers who might not otherwise have come across their work. Even so, it could be a drawback for, say, independent book stores and librarians: why consult an expert about what to read if an algorithm can recommend books to you automatically? Whatever you write, there’s a good chance that AI will become more and more a part of your writing experience as time goes by – even if you barely notice it. Perhaps you’re already using a tool like Grammarly, for instance, or maybe you rely on dictation software to produce content quickly. How do you think AI is changing writing? Do you think it’s a net positive or negative for working writers, editors, publishers and journalists? Share your thoughts with us in the comments below. Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the General category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:50 Idioms About Legs, Feet, and Toes36 Poetry Terms48 Writing Prompts for Middle School Kids

Proposal for a Health Education Programme Essay

Proposal for a Health Education Programme - Essay Example Moreover, the primary health care related knowledge has also been playing a significant role for maintaining good and proper health for small children. Contextually, learning regarding baby health care educations is also a significant factor that needs to be evaluated in this context (Nutbeam, 2006). In this regard, the health literacy is recognised to be a new concept for the people belonging from the modern era. It can be stated that education related to the baby health care is recognised to be important social determinant, which can work a crises management for maintaining infant healthier. It will be worth mentioning that the education in baby health care will be helpful towards ensuring a better health of new born babies as well as small babies. Moreover, baby health care related education is deemed to be useful in facilitating better skilled person for proving support during the any emergency to its family members. It will be worth mentioning that people should attend any heath care programmes for developing their knowledge related to baby health care facilities (Higgins & et. al., 2008). The principle objective of the proposed study is to prepare children health care programme plan especially for the parents, which will provide a systematic overview related to baby health care education. The proposed study primarily focuses upon organising the health education programmes especially for young parents and their children. In this regard, the study will also depict concern regarding the preparation of children health care programmes, which includes various sessions that can promote medical knowledge of young parents. Health education refers to a particular program that is deemed to be mainly responsible for promoting healthy living standard of people. The paper is concentrated over providing baby health care educational programmes to the parents of new born babies. The proposed study include certain objectives which are provided in

Protein Quantitation Lab Report Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Protein Quantitation - Lab Report Example The following is a report on an experiment conducted to determine protein concentration of unknown samples using this method. Bradford Protein Concentration Assay Accurate protein quantitation is paramount to all experiments that are related to proteins in a lot of research topics in molecular biology, developmental biology, cell biology, neuroscience, and biochemistry. Different techniques have been developed to quantitate proteins in the last century, both for the total protein content and a single protein. Total protein content quantitation methods include Bradford assays. Bradford assay, which was initially described by Dr. Marion Bradford in 1976, is one of the commonly used methods to determine protein concentration. This method relies on formation of a complex between proteins in solution and the Coomassie brilliant blue G-250 dye. This dye exists in four different ionic forms. The more anionic blue form binds to proteins and has an absorbance at 590 nm. Protein concentrations can be known by determining the amount of dye in the blue ionic form, and by measuring the absorbance of the solution at 595 nm using a spectrophotometer (Becker, Caldwell & Zachgo, 1996). This dye binds mostly to arginine, tryptophan, tyrosine, histidine, and phenylalanine residues of the protein Materials and Reagents Protein standard: 1mg/mL Albumin Bradford reagent Distilled water Test samples A, B and C (Unknown protein) One 96-well plate Procedure First, the albumin standard solutions were prepared as follows: Concentration Albumin Distilled Water 0% 0ul 100ul 25% 25ul 75ul 50% 50ul 50ul 75% 75ul 25ul 100% 100ul 0ul Then the Bradford reagents were diluted with 300 ul (Bradford): 1500ul (Distill Water) (1:5 ratio). In the first trial, 180ul of the diluted Bradford reagents was added into the 96 well plate. Then 0%, 25%, 50%, 75%, 100% and Sample A, B, C, each 5ul was added to each well hole which contained 180ul of diluted Bradford reagent. These were tested with spectrophotom eter and the results recorded. The experiment was repeated again the same way. In addition, Sample C was diluted with 3 different ratios as follows: 1:9 (Sample C: Distill Water) 1:99 (Sample C: Distill Water) 5:95 (Sample C: Distill Water) The results were recorded after the solutions were tested with a spectrophotometer. A standard curve of absorbance versus concentration protein was drawn. Results The results were recorded as follows: First Trial Results: 0% 25% 50% 75% 100% Sample A Sample B Sample C 0.092 0.145 0.161 0.169 0.162 0.095 0.161 0.763 Second Trial Results: 0% 25% 50% 75% 100% Sample A Sample B Sample C Sample C (1:9) Sample C (1:99) Sample C (5:95) 0.113 0.188 0.218 0.217 0.210 0.116 0.200 0.670 0.244 0.118 0.152 The responses of the standards were used to plot a standard curve. Absorbance values of unknown samples were then interpolated onto the plot for the standard curve to determine their concentrations as shown in the graph below. Discussion From the graph abov e, the optimum measurement wavelength for this assay is on sample C. Thus sample C has the highest protein concentration. Sample A has the same absorbance as 0% albumin and Sample B has the same absorbance as 50% albumin. It can therefore be concluded that sample A and Sample B have 0% and 50% protein concentra

Method police used to solve robbery with violence Assignment

Method police used to solve robbery with violence - Assignment Example Method police used to solve robbery with violence The following day the police began reconstructing the event that led to the shooting, which the officials of the event believed was an aberration in the tree canopied park behind the New York public library. Reaching midday, the police said they had one boy age 16 as a suspect held at a Midtown station. The boy has been charged before with attempted murder, assault and weapon possession. It was said that the problem began at 11pm on Saturday, when some people hoping to grab atleast a few minutes of nighttime skating stood in a snaking line by a temporary tent on the south side of the park. When police officer arrived during the shoot-out they rushed towards the scene accompanied by paramedics. They found the young boy lying down covered with a lot of blood. The first approach the police considered to use was to involve the community/individuals around the scene in helping the wounded victims. The leaders and the organizers of the event participated in the cleaning the problem by first taking the wounded victims to the hospital and then rescheduling and cleaning the scene for the event to continue. The use of involving the community and people around the scene always build some strength of believe that the police alone cannot substantially impact crime and advocate for the community to be a full partner in preventing and responding to crimes. The community also assisted in identifying the suspects and the way the problem began. Witnesses said that the robbers were heading to the library when a young boy started yelling of having scene guns. To divert the attention the robbers started shouting.

Sex Workers in India

Sex Workers in India Prostitution is a contentious issue in India. Although, prostitution (exchanging sex for money) is not illegal, but the surrounding activities (operating brothels, pimping, soliciting sex etc.) are illegal. In fact the worst part is that the people in India forget that in series of insulting this profession, they put a question mark on the life of that personof that girl who had possibly been just another victim of unexpected and unwanted assault of bad times. It is being heard often, rather always from people that call girls are like this, they are not good, it is not preferred for decent people to be friend with them or to be in contact with them though they forget that it is this crowd who exploits the helplessness of these girls. It is easy to make out from outside that they are themselves indulging in these activities but nobody bothers to take charge to rebuild them. Once these innocent souls of 11 or 12 years are forced into the hell like brothelsa word called LIFE goes away f rom their ruined being and self respect. In 2007, the Ministry of women and child development reported presence of 2.8 million sex workers in India, with 35.47 percent of them entering the trade before the age of 18 years. The number of prostitutes has also doubled in the recent decades. It itself is a proof of one thing that Indias male dominated want this ,do this..that is why prostitution is augmenting at such a pace. Sonagachi in Kolkata, Kamathipura in Mumbai, G.B Road in New Delhi, Reshampura in Gwalior and Budhwar peth in Pune host thousands of sex workers. These are also known as red light areas in the country, where everyday thousands of girls are browbeaten. Ones who are considered to be so called lucky get freed from this cage because of intervention of police or NGOs but being rescued from a brothel is not always the end of a dark tunnel. Rather, it could be the beginning of a more traumatic life. A number of sex workers rescued and repatriated show higher-levels of traumatic disorders than those living in broth els, according to an all-India study. The study conducted by Swanchetan, an NGO, from October 2007 to March 2008, used the five-point Likert scale to map the relative intensity with which each victim experienced and demonstrated trauma. Human trafficking is illegal but prostitution is not .the difference of which people rarely understand. Films made on the life of sex workers or bar girls like Chameli, Chandni bar, Mandi show the true picture of our society where the situation and their family members themselves do not think twice to make life of those girls a deal for them. According to a Human Rights Watch report, Indian anti-trafficking laws are designed to combat commercialized vice; prostitution, as such, is not illegal. A sex worker can be punished for soliciting or seducing in public while clients can be punished for sexual activity close to a public place, and the organization puts the figure of sex workers in India to be around 15 million, with Mumbai alone being home to on e hundred thousand sex workers, the largest sex industry centre in Asia. Over the years, India has seen a growing mandate to legalize prostitution, to avoid exploitation of sex workers and their children by middlemen and also in the wake of growing HIV/AIDS menace. Many NGOs are working towards it but still a considerable change has not been brought in the lives of these girls or women. So the need of the hour is to enlighten ourselves, our spirit and our unconscious soul to rein in the chances of innocent girls getting exploited by the animals in disguise of men in our society.

Fitzgeralds Exploration of the American Dream in The Great Gatsby Essa

Fitzgerald's Exploration of the American Dream in The Great Gatsby F. Scott Fitzgerald’s novel, The Great Gatsby, is a one of the best stories written during a chaotic period in our nation’s history, The Jazz Age. The Twenties were a time of social experiments, self-indulgence, and dissatisfaction for majority of Americans. Fitzgerald depicts all these characteristics throughout the novel with his interesting themes, settings, and characters. The most elaborate and symbolic character Fitzgerald presents to his readers is Jay Gatsby. Fitzgerald uses Gatsby as a vehicle to explore the idea of The American Dream, which was a key element in shaping American society and it’s citizens. Fitzgerald does not sugar-coat his definition of the American Dream, but lets his protagonist voice these elements and its decline, challenging the reader to explore the true nature of America in the 1920s. Jay Gatsby, like many average Americans, has a dream of becoming successful and noble. In The Great Gatsby, Jay Gatsby decides to pursue The American Dream as a young adult. Gatsby came from a poor social class, which forced him to work hard even though he would receive no high status in life. Gatsby knew this, but always remained very ambitious and refused to settle for a life of â€Å"janitor’s work†. It wasn’t until Jay was 17 years old when he found his real inspiration to become successful. Before World War I, Jay Gatsby met Daisy and fell instantly in love with her. Unfortunately for Ga...